TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS #2
Adjective
and Adverb ( Kata Sifat dan Kata Keterangan )
TUGAS 1
Adjective
The simplest definition
of an adjective is that it is a word that describes or clarifies a noun.
Adjectives describe nouns by giving some information about an object’s size,
shape, age, color, origin or material.
FUNCTION
A. ORDER OF ADJECTIVE
1) When we use two or more
adjectives together, ‘opinion’ adjectives (e.g. interesting, beautiful)
normally to before ‘fact’ adjectives (e.g. new, blue).
Example:
- An interesting new
film.
- A beautiful blue
dress.
2) When two or more
fact adjectives come before a noun, they normally go in the following order.
Formula:
Size + Age + Shape + Color + Origin +
Material + Purpose + Noun + Quality +
Quantity
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B. PREFIXES
To
make many opposite adjectives we use the prefixes un, in, or dis at the start
of the word.
Example
:
believable
– unbelievable
complete
- incomplete
C. COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVES
We
use comparative adjectives to compare to nouns.
Example
:
My
sister is older than me
Short one-syllable words usually take er to make the
comparative.
D. EXTREME ADJECTIVES
Adjectives that already
express an extreme do not take a comparative or superlative. For example, when
something is very cold we say that it is freezing.
Example
:
Turn
the heater on; it’s freezing in this room.
We
cannot say: It’s more freezing than yesterday, or It’s very freezing in here.
E. PARTICIPLE
Participle
verb forms can be adjectives.
Example
:
A
bored student - the -ed tells us how the student feels i.e. He feels bored.
A boring student - the ing tells describes the
students i.e. He is boring, don't talk to him!
It
can be difficult to remember which prepositions to use with -ed form.
I'm
scared of spiders.
She's interested in art.
Adverb
An adverb is a word
that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, noun phrase,
clause, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency,
degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how?, in what
way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. This function is called the adverbial
function, and may be realised by single words (adverbs) or by multi-word
expressions (adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses).
FUNCTION
a.
An
adverb modifies other verbs(verbs are in bold/adverbs are in italics)
· The thief acts stupidly. (answers
the question:how?)
· The thief never shoots, because he
has no gun.(answers the question: when?)
· The thief robs locally. (answers
the question:where?)
b.
An
adverb modifies other adjectives (adjectives are in bold/adverbs are in
italics)
· The thief is extremely stupid.
· This very
dumb thief is now in jail.
c.
An
adverb modifies other adverbs (adverbs in italics)
· The thief walks incredibly clumsily.
· The thief acts really stupidly.
Adverbs as a
"catch-all" category
Adverbs are considered
a part of speech in traditional English grammar, and are still included as a
part of speech in grammar taught in schools and used in dictionaries. However,
modern grammarians recognize that words traditionally grouped together as
adverbs serve a number of different functions. Some describe adverbs a
"catch-all" category that includes all words that do not belong to
one of the other parts of speech.
A logical approach to
dividing
The _____ is red. (For example, "The hat is red".)
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words into classes relies on recognizing which
words can be used in a certain context. For example, the only type of word that
can be inserted in the following template to form a grammatical sentence is a
noun:
TUGAS 2
A. EXAMPLE OF ADJECTIVE .
Dengan 1 kata sifat
- An Jerman pilgrim
- The Italian cuisine
3. A brave man
4. The Romawi Empire
5. A black Cat
Dengan 2 kata sifat
1.
A small rubber ball (size + origin)
2.
A young Spanish woman (age
+ origin)
3.
A large round hat (size + shape)
4.
My sister is not only beautiful but
also tall. (Quality + size)
5.
On his birthday saras got a big red vase (size + color )
Dengan 3 kata sifat
1.
He had two happy big brown pigeons ( opinion + size + color)
2.
White
leather running shoes (color + material + purpose)
3.
Marko has three big black dog. (Quality + quantity + color)
4.
My brother buy some short new Indonesia cotoon jacket. (Quantity + size + age +
origin + material)
5.
I love the big antique green American car
which is parked in front of the hotel. (size + age + color + origin)
B.
EXAMPLE OF ADVERB
1.
ADVERB
Give us information like when, where,
how, to what extent, or under what conditions, or in what manner.
Examples of adverbs in a sentence with
explanations:
1) Joseph ran fast. (Fast tells us
"to what extent" or "how" Joseph ran.)
2) Let's go to the party
afterwards. (Afterwards tells us "when" we'll go.)
More examples
of adverbs in a sentence:
1) Kristy was very sleepy. (tells
us how sleepy)
2) Go to bed now. (tells us when)
3) This pie is surprisingly good.
(tells us how good)
2. ADVERB OF TIME
Adverb
of time is used to tell the time that an action happens or someone does
something. There are many adverbs of time as the following.
Today,
last night, yesterday, now, tomorrow, last month, before…
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Formula1:
Sentence
+ Adverb of Time
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Example:
- I study English today.(artinya
pada hari ini pekerjaan itu dilakukan)
- He met his friends last night. (artinya pada kemarin malam
pekerjaan itu dilakukan)
- I’m sick of living in chaos, so
I’m going to clean my house tomorrow.(
artinya kemarin pekerjaan itu
dilakukan )
- She stayed at her grandmother’s
house all day. (artinya setiap hari pekerjaan
itu dilakukan )
Formula2:
Adverb
of Time + Sentence
|
Example:
- Yesterday she went to Phnom Penh.( artinya kemarin pekerjaan itu
dilakukan )
- Now
I’m learning English. (artinya saat ini juga pekerjaan itu dilakukan )
3. Adverb of place
Adverb of place is used to tell the
place where an action occurs or where someone does something. There are many
adverbs of place as the following.
Here,
there, inside, outside… or we can use with the preposition of place like at
school, at the market…
|
Formula:
Sentence
+ Adverb of Place
|
Example:
- My dog sleeps outside.
- We have the meeting in the hotel.
- I think I will hang the picture
over my bed.
- Please put the books on the table.
- The wind blew the flowers off the tree.
4. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
Adverb of frequency is used to
expresses how often something happens or someone does something.
100 %
|
80%
|
60%
|
Always
|
Usually
|
Often
|
Everyday
|
Normally
|
Frequently
|
Generally
|
50-40%
|
20%
|
10%
|
0%
|
Sometime
|
Seldom
|
Rarely
|
Never
|
Occasionally
|
Hardly ever
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Formula:
Subject
+ Adverb of Frequency + Verb + Complement
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Example:
- They always do their homework at
night.
- We sometime go to the cinema at
the weekend.
- Usually shop for groceries on Saturday
mornings.
- My dentist told me I should floss
twice daily.
- She is often late
for work.
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